初中指點(diǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)_英語戴氏上冊的語法
初中指點(diǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)_英語戴氏上冊的語法,然后就是要勤于練習(xí)，做作業(yè)要在復(fù)習(xí)好了以后做，才能事半功倍。一定要主動地、獨(dú)立地完成每次作業(yè)，多思多問，不留疑點(diǎn)，并盡可能地把做過的作業(yè)都記在腦子里，因為沒有記憶就沒有牢固的知識，只有用心記憶才會熟能生巧，才能在勤練的基礎(chǔ)上“巧”起來。我們都只是，初中階段稀奇是月朔是學(xué)習(xí)英語的要害時期，尤其是語法，由于真正的語法是月朔才最先學(xué)的，開好一個頭將會讓以后的學(xué)習(xí)變得輕松起來。
名詞
A)、名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不能數(shù)名詞，而不能數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的組成如下：
一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y末尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y末尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o末尾加s(外來詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe末尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves
六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(穩(wěn)固的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一樣平時只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式穩(wěn)固，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警員局，警員, class班，同硯, family家，家庭成員
九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一樣平時只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：ACTion movie-ACTion movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但若是是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思差異。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work事情 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一)單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要示意某人的什么器械某人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。組成如下：
一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)復(fù)數(shù)以s末尾的直接在s后加’，若是不是以s末尾的與單數(shù)一樣處置。如：Teachers’ Day西席節(jié), classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)
三)由and并列的名詞所有時，若是是配合所有統(tǒng)一人或物時，只加最后一個’s，但劃分擁有時卻劃分按單數(shù)形式處置。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
代詞
項目人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
動詞
A) 第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：
一)一樣平時在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y末尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y末尾的直接加s。如：plays,says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o末尾加es。如：does, goes
五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B) 現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用真相，組成如下：
一)一樣平時在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的末尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, prACTice-prACTicing,write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注重除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie末尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物舉行對比時，則要使用對照或最高級形式。組成如下：
一)一樣平時在詞后加er或est(若是是以e末尾則直接加r或st)。如：GREater-GREatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest,longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)末尾的雙寫末尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三)以輔音字母+y末尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlierfriendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easiereasiest
四)特殊情形：(兩許多若干壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/well - better best many/much - moremost bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elderoldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y末尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh,tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-
陳述句
一定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)
b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)
c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)
,一堂課的內(nèi)容，十多分鐘就可以復(fù)習(xí)完，有時也可以像過“電影”一樣地過一遍。復(fù)習(xí)能加深理解，復(fù)習(xí)能鞏固知識。復(fù)習(xí)要及時，不能拖。復(fù)習(xí)中不懂的問題要及時請教老師。,,精讀教科書：感興趣的，不感興趣的，都得好悅目，好好的精讀，這是基本！ 做好歸納整理事情： ①知識點(diǎn)根據(jù)板塊整理； ②多紀(jì)錄解題技巧； ③每做完每一份試題，對內(nèi)里的問題都要有所整理，如單詞，錯題等。,d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞)
e) There’s a computer on mydesk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否認(rèn)陳述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cathere.)
祈使句
一定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否認(rèn)祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
疑問句
1) 一樣平時疑問句 a) Is Jim astudent? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
一定回復(fù): a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do.e) Yes, she is.
否認(rèn)回復(fù): a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 選擇疑問句 Is the tablebig or small? 回復(fù) It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑問句
?、賳枤q數(shù) How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
?、趩柗N類 What kind of movies do you like? I like ACTion movies and comedies.
?、蹎柹眢w狀態(tài) How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contACT you? My e-mail address iscindyjones@16com.
?、輪柧壒试?Why do you want to join the club?
⑥問時間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to tena.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? Atfive o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:0
?、邌柕胤?Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
?、鄦栴伾?What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
?、釂柸宋?Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
?、鈫柶餍?What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I cansee some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Hername is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’sBen.
What’s your family name? My family name’sSmith.
12 問哪一個 Which do youlike? I like one in the box.
13 問字母 What letter isit? It’s big D/small f.
14 問價錢 How much arethese pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 問電話號碼 What’s your phonenumber? It’s 576-834
16 問謂語(動作) What’s he doing?He’s watching TV.
17 問職業(yè)(身份) What doyou do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
時態(tài)
1、一樣平時現(xiàn)在時 示意普遍、經(jīng)常性的或耐久性的動作時使用一樣平時現(xiàn)在時，它有：
Be 動詞：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情態(tài)動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play thepiano.
行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have anice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、現(xiàn)在舉行時 示意動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或舉行就使用舉行時態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playingbaseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writinga letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Arethey listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
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