高中英語輔導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)班_英語五種語法知識點總結(jié)
休閑娛樂:watch TV,movie, basketball, swim,
仁愛英語是一種很有效的學(xué)習(xí)版本，小編在這里整理了五種供大家閱讀，快來學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧! 仁愛英語七年級下冊知識歸納 Unit~Unit考點詞匯 頻度副詞: always,sometimes,seldom,never, once,twice... 交通工具:plane,train,ship,boat,underg
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英語五種語法知識點總結(jié)
一.名詞
I.名詞的種類：
專著名詞
通俗名詞
國名.地名.人名，
整體.機構(gòu)名稱
可數(shù)名詞
不能數(shù)名詞
個體名詞
團體名詞
抽象名詞
物質(zhì)名詞
II. 名詞的數(shù)：
規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一樣平常在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。現(xiàn)將組成方式與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：
規(guī)則
例詞
/p>
一樣平常情形在詞尾加-s
map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
/p>
以s, x, ch, sh末端的名詞后加-es
class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
/p>
以-f或-fe末端的詞
變-f和-fe為v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s
belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
/p>
以輔音字母加y末端的名詞，變y為i加-es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
/p>
以元音字母加y末端的名詞，或?qū)Ｖ~以y末端的，加-s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
/p>
以輔音字母加-o末端的名詞
一樣平常加-es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外來詞加-s
piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
兩者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
/p>
以元音字母加-o末端的名詞加-s
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
/p>
以-th末端的名詞加-s
truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：
規(guī)則
例詞
/p>
改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
/p>
單復(fù)數(shù)相同
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
/p>
只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
/p>
一些團體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)
people, police, cattle, staff
/p>
部門團體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
/p>
復(fù)數(shù)形式示意稀奇寄義
customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)
/p>
示意“某國人”
加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman末端的改為-men,-women
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
/p>
合成名詞
將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
無主體名詞時將最后一部門變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
將兩部門變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
women singers, men servants
III. 名詞的所有格：
名詞在句中示意所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加’s組成，二是由介詞of加名詞組成。前者多示意有生命的器械，后者多示意無生命的器械。
’s所有格的組成：
單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’s
the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
復(fù)數(shù)名詞
一樣平常在末尾加’
the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,
不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’s
the children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s末端的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house
示意各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加’s
Japan ’s and America ’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
示意共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加’s
Japan and America ’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
示意＂某人家＂＂店肆＂，所有格后名詞省略
the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s
’s所有格的用法：
１
示意時間
today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
/p>
示意自然征象
the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
/p>
示意國家都會等地方的名詞
the country’s plan, the world’s population, China ’s industry
/p>
示意事情群體
the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
/p>
示意器量衡及價值
a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
/p>
與人類流動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞
the life’s time, the play’s plot
/p>
某些牢固詞組
a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
of所有格的用法：
用于無生命的器械：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的器械，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed
二.冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an)，定冠詞(the)，和零冠詞。
I.不定冠詞的用法：
/p>
指一類人或事，相當于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
/p>
第一次提及某人某物，非特指
A boy is waiting for you.
/p>
示意“每一”相當于every，one
We study eight hours a day.
/p>
示意“相同”相當于the same
We are nearly of an age.
/p>
用于人名前，示意不熟悉此人或與某名人有類似性子的人或事
A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
/p>
用于牢固詞組中
A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
/p>
用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后
This room is rather a big one.
/p>
用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
II. 定冠詞的用法：
/p>
示意某一類人或物
The horse is a useful animal.
/p>
用于世上舉世無雙的事物名詞前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
/p>
示意語言雙方都領(lǐng)會的或上文提到過的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
/p>
用于樂器前面
play the violin, play the guitar
/p>
用于形容詞和分詞前示意一類人
the reach, the living, the wounded
/p>
示意“一家人”或“配偶”
the Greens, the Wangs
/p>
用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞對照級最高級前
He is the taller of the two children.
/p>
用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山水群島的名詞前
the United States , the Communist Party of China , the French
/p>
用于示意發(fā)現(xiàn)物的單數(shù)名詞前
The compass was invented in China .
/p>
在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年月
in the s
/p>
用于示意單元的名詞前
I hired the car by the hour.
/p>
用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及示意時間的詞組前
He patted me on the shoulder.
III. 零冠詞的用法：
/p>
專著名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前
Beijing University, Jack, China , love, air
/p>
名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制
I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
/p>
季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)沐日，一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
/p>
示意職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前
Lincoln was made President of America.
/p>
學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前
He likes playing football/chess.
/p>
與by連用示意交通工具的名詞前
by train, by air, by land
/p>
以and毗鄰的兩個相對的名詞并用時
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
/p>
示意泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前
Horses are useful animals.
三.代詞：
I.代詞可以分為以下七大類：
/p>
人稱代詞
主格
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
賓格
me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
/p>
物主代詞
形容詞性
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名詞性
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
/p>
反身代詞
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
/p>
指示代詞
this, that, these, those, such, some
/p>
疑問代詞
who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
/p>
關(guān)系代詞
that, which, who, whom, whose, as
/p>
不定代詞
one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
II. 不定代詞用法注重點：
one, some與any:
one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于一定句，any多用于疑問句和否認句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
some可用于疑問句中，示意希望獲得一定的回覆，或者示意建議，請求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give me somemoney?
some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some示意某個，any示意任何一個。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
some和數(shù)詞連用示意“約莫”，any可與對照級連用示意水平。
There are some 000 students in this school. Doyou feel any better today?
each和every:
each強調(diào)個體，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has adictionary. / We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us hasstrong and weak points.
none和no：
no即是not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，取代不能數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，取代可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
other和another:
other泛指“另外的，其余”常與其他詞連用，如：theother day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed theexam.
another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“其余人或事”如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / someothers.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
all和both, neither和either
all示意不能數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否認詞示意部門否認，所有否認用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English. / Not all ofthe books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.
四.形容詞和副詞
I.形容詞：
形容詞的位置：
形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情形后置：
/p>
修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等組成的復(fù)合不定代詞時
nobody absent, everything possible
/p>
以-able, -ible末端的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后
the best book available, the only solution possible
/p>
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置
the only person awake
/p>
和空間時間單元連用時
a bridge meters long
/p>
成對的形容詞可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
/p>
形容詞短語一樣平常后置
a man difficult to get on with
多個形容詞修飾統(tǒng)一個名詞的順序：
代詞
數(shù)詞
性狀形容詞
冠詞前的形容詞
冠詞
指示代詞
不定代詞
代詞所有格
who 指人在從句中作主語，賓語或表語
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,戴氏教育高三歷史沖刺機構(gòu)小班組輔導(dǎo) 名教師輔導(dǎo)-位學(xué)生，讓每個學(xué)生都被關(guān)注和照顧，學(xué)習(xí)氣氛濃厚，多人一起互動，體驗學(xué)習(xí)樂趣。,序數(shù)詞
基數(shù)詞
性子
狀態(tài)
巨細
是非
形狀
新舊
溫度
顏色
國籍
產(chǎn)地
質(zhì)料
質(zhì)地
名詞
all
both
such
the
a
this
another
your
second
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
復(fù)合形容詞的組成：
/p>
形容詞+名詞+ed
kind-hearted
/p>
名詞+形容詞
world-famous
/p>
形容詞+形容詞
dark-blue
/p>
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
peace-loving
/p>
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
ordinary-looking
/p>
名詞+已往分詞
snow-covered
/p>
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
hard-working
/p>
數(shù)詞+名詞+ed
three-egged
/p>
副詞+已往分詞
newly-built
/p>
數(shù)詞+名詞
twenty-year
II. 副詞
副詞的分類：
/p>
時間副詞
soon, now, early, finally, once, recently
/p>
頻度副詞
always, often, frequently, seldom, never
/p>
地址副詞
here, nearby, outside, upwards, above
/p>
疑問副詞
how, where, when, why
/p>
方式副詞
hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really
/p>
毗鄰副詞
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
/p>
水平副詞
almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather
/p>
關(guān)系副詞
when, where, why
III. 形容詞和副詞對照品級：
形容詞和副詞的對照品級分為原級，對照級和最高級。對照級和最高級的組成一樣平常是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。
同級對照時經(jīng)常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I amnot so good a player as you are.
可以修飾對照級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, alittle, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
示意一方隨另一方轉(zhuǎn)變時用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
用對照級來表達最高級的意思。如：I have never spent a moreworrying day.
示意倍數(shù)的對照級有如下幾種句型：
Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is fourtimes as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.
示意“最高水平“的形容詞沒有最高級和對照級。如：favourite,excellent, extreme, perfect。
五.介詞
I.介詞分類：
/p>
簡樸介詞
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on
/p>
合成介詞
inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
/p>
短語介詞
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to
/p>
雙重介詞
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between
/p>
分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞
considering(就而論), including
/p>
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞
like, unlike, near, next, opposite
II. 常用介詞區(qū)別：
/p>
示意時間的in, on, at
at示意片晌的時間，in示意一段的時間，on總是與日子有關(guān)
/p>
示意時間的since, from
since 指從已往到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點最先
/p>
示意時間的in, after
in指在一段時間之后，after示意某一詳細時間點之后或用在已往時的一段時間中
/p>
示意地理位置的in, on, to
in示意在某局限內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境局限之外
/p>
示意“在…上”的on, in
on只示意在某物的外面上，in示意占去某物一部門
/p>
示意“穿過”的through, across
through示意從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)，across示意在外面上通過，與on有關(guān)
/p>
示意“關(guān)于”的about, on
about指涉及到，on指專門敘述
/p>
between與among的區(qū)別
between示意在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中央
/p>
besides與except的區(qū)別
besides指“除了…尚有再加上”，except指“除了，減去什么”，不放在句首
/p>
示意“用”的in, with
with示意詳細的工具，in示意質(zhì)料，方式，方式，器量，單元，語言，聲音
/p>
as與like的區(qū)別
as意為“作為，以…職位或身份”，like為“象…一樣”，指情形相似
/p>
in與into區(qū)別
in通常示意位置（靜態(tài)），into示意動向，不示意目的地或位置
分類詞匯影象
疾病與傷痛
accident
事故，意外的事
ache
疼痛
blind
失明
burn
燒傷火熱或酸所造成的危險或傷痕
cancer
癌癥
cold
傷風(fēng)；傷風(fēng)
cough
咳嗽
cut
剪；切；割
disease
疾病
fever
發(fā)燒；發(fā)燒
flu
流感
headache
頭痛
illness
疾??；生?。徊豢到?/p>
problem
問題，難題
toothache
牙疼
trouble
問題，疾病；煩惱，貧苦
wound
傷，危險
感受與情緒
ache
疼痛
attention
注重，體貼
care
照料，珍愛，小心
cheer
歡呼;喝彩
cheat
騙取，行使，作弊
cry
喊叫;哭
doubt
嫌疑；疑惑
emotion
情緒，情緒
excuse
原諒；饒恕
favorite
最受喜歡的(器械）
fear
恐懼，畏懼
feeling
感受，知覺，觸覺
fun
快樂；有趣的，令人愉快的
greeting
祝賀
hate
恨；憎惡
hobby
嗜好，興趣
interest
興趣，興趣
joy
歡欣，喜悅，興趣
laugh
笑；大笑；冷笑
love
愛；熱愛；很喜歡
pardon
原諒，饒恕
peace
和平；安寧；靜寂
pity
同情；同情
pleasure
愉快；快樂；喜悅
praise
贊揚，表彰
pride
自豪，自滿
regard
體貼，注重，致意，問候，尊重
respect
尊重，尊重
regret
惋惜，遺憾；惋惜；悼念
shame
羞愧，靦腆
silence
幽靜；緘默
sense
感受，判斷力
smell
氣息；嗅覺
smile
微笑
surprise
使受驚；景氣；令人意想不到的事情
sweet
甜蜜
taste
嘗；品嘗；品味
thank
謝謝；謝意
touch
碰，觸摸
wish
愿望;祝愿
wonder
驚訝，贊嘆；事業(yè)
worry
煩惱；擔(dān)憂；發(fā)怒；困擾
victory
勝利
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