北京高考英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)_情態(tài)動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精講
英語(yǔ)完形填空選擇：讀一遍，做一遍
在眾多學(xué)科中，英語(yǔ)是最讓人頭痛的學(xué)科， 語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)并非一日之功，是需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間積累的。提高英語(yǔ)選擇題的正確率，是提高英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的捷徑。那么，怎么秒殺英語(yǔ)選擇題呢?小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，希望能幫助到您。 高考英語(yǔ)選擇題秒殺方
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)自己有詞義，示意語(yǔ)言人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一樣平常只能和動(dòng)詞真相一起組成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，希望能輔助到您。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞概述
特征
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)自己有詞義，示意語(yǔ)言人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一樣平常只能和動(dòng)詞真相一起組成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所示意的情態(tài)有：下令允諾請(qǐng)求拒絕愿望愿意義務(wù)需要可能能力敢于需要等。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ought除外)和助動(dòng)詞shall，will，should，would一樣，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式一樣平常皆不帶。
形式轉(zhuǎn)變
沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)變，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)也無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)變。如：
I can We can
You can You can
He
They can
She can
It
有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有已往式，有少數(shù)已往式和它的真相相同。
a)有已往式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：
may -- would
can ―― could
may―― night
shall -- should
have to -- had to
b)已往式穩(wěn)固的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：
must - must (或had to)
ought to - ought to
need---need
dare - dare(亦可用dared)
大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面可用動(dòng)詞的舉行式完成式和被動(dòng)形式，如：can(may，must)be doing，can(may，must) have done，can(may，must)be done等。
否認(rèn)式
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞一樣，后面可直接跟否認(rèn)詞not?，F(xiàn)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式及其否認(rèn)式的簡(jiǎn)略式(簡(jiǎn)略式用于口語(yǔ)中)枚舉如下：
shall not--shan't [FB:nt]
will not---won't [wEunt]
can not-can't [kB:nt]
must not-mustn't [Qsnt]
should not-- shouldn't
would not-- wouldn't
could not-- couldn't
dare not- daren't [dZEnt]
need not-- needn't
在疑問(wèn)句中的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在疑問(wèn)句中的用法和助動(dòng)詞相同。如：
May I ask you a question? 我可以問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?
Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)?
Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想觀光重型機(jī)械廠嗎?
注重have to在疑問(wèn)句中的位置。如：
Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去嗎?
Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完這項(xiàng)事情不能嗎?
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--can, could
can和could
can的詞義
示意體力或腦力方面的"能力"或客觀上的"可能"。如：
Can you ride a bike? Yes，I can.你能騎自行車(chē)嗎?是的，我能騎。
Can Mr. Smith use chopsticks? No，he can't . 史女士先生會(huì)用筷子嗎?不，他不會(huì)。
Most women here can read and write now.這里的多數(shù)婦女都能識(shí)字，也會(huì)寫(xiě)字。
In China even barren mountains can be turned into fertile fields. 在中國(guó)，荒山也能釀成良田。
can用在否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)
在這種句子中，can?？梢庵^"可能"，示意展望和推理。如：
It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不能能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon，Tom. You've just had lunch. 頓姆，你不能能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。
She cannot be so careless. 她不能能這么粗心。
Where can he be? 他會(huì)在什么地方呢?
What can he mean? 他會(huì)是什么意思呢?
It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不能能已經(jīng)是六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
[注一] can加動(dòng)詞的舉行時(shí)態(tài)，也可示意"可能"。如：
What can he be doing all this time? 他一直會(huì)是在干什么呢?
She cannot be playing ping-pong now.她現(xiàn)在不能能在打乒乓球。
[注二] 在一樣平常會(huì)話中，can可取代may示意"允許"，may對(duì)照正式，如：
You can drop in any time. 你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)串門(mén)。
Can I use your basin? of course，you can.我可以用你的臉盆嗎?--固然可以。
You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。
Could
could是Call的已往式，示意與已往有關(guān)的能力和可能(在否認(rèn)和疑問(wèn)句中)。如：
We were sure that he could do the work. 我們一定他能做這事情。
He was a farmhand. He could not afford to send his son to school. 他是個(gè)雇農(nóng)，他供不起兒子上學(xué)。
At that time we thought the Story could not be true.那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的事不能能是真的。
[注] could可取代can示意現(xiàn)在，但語(yǔ)氣較為委婉。如：
could you wait half an hour?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?
could you please ring up again at six? 六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再來(lái)電話好嗎?
could we visit a kindergarten? I've been wanting to see one ever since I came to China.我們可以接見(jiàn)一個(gè)幼兒園嗎?我自從到中國(guó)來(lái)以后，一直想看一所幼兒園。
[注二]示意已往的能力并已完成一詳細(xì)動(dòng)作時(shí)須用were (was) able (to)，不能用could。如：
I am glad we were able to catch the train. 我很喜悅我們能遇上火車(chē)。但如未完成一詳細(xì)動(dòng)作，則可用could not。如：
I am sorry we couldn't (或weren't able to) catch the train.我很遺憾我們沒(méi)有能遇上火車(chē)。
can的形式
can只有現(xiàn)在式can和已往式could兩種形式，能示意現(xiàn)在一樣平常和已往一樣平常兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能示意未來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(包羅未來(lái))須用be able加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)示意。如：
With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days. 有他們的協(xié)助，我們將會(huì)在幾天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)事情。
They have not been able to come to Boston. 他們沒(méi)有能到波斯頓來(lái)。
Mr. Johnson rang up just now to Say that he won't be able to come over this evening.約翰遜先生剛來(lái)電話，說(shuō)今天晚上他來(lái)不了。
can，could用于否認(rèn)或疑問(wèn)句中
can (could)用于否認(rèn)或疑問(wèn)句中后面跟動(dòng)詞真相的完成式時(shí)，示意對(duì)已往發(fā)生事宜的"可能性"。而could較can加倍示意語(yǔ)言人的"不一定的"語(yǔ)氣。如：
Can he have left already? 他會(huì)是走了嗎?
Could she have forgotten my address? 她會(huì)把我的地址遺忘了嗎?
It couldn't have been henry. He has gone to the factory. 不能能是亨利，他已經(jīng)去工廠了。
Surely she can not have arrived so early. 他固然不能能這么早到這里的。
[注] could加動(dòng)詞的完成式時(shí)，有時(shí)示意"已往可能完成但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作"。如：
You could have done the work better.你原本可以做得更好些。(事實(shí)上你做得不那么好)
You could have got the early train.你原本可以搭上早班火車(chē)的。(事實(shí)上沒(méi)搭上)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--must
must
must的詞義
must示意"必須"或"應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如：
I must leave at 00我必須在九點(diǎn)鐘脫離這里。
Soldiers must obey orders.士兵必須遵守下令。
You must get to the stallion before three o'clock. 你必須在三點(diǎn)鐘以前到達(dá)車(chē)站。
You must come earlier tomorrow.你明天得早點(diǎn)來(lái)。
must的否認(rèn)式
must的否認(rèn)形式must not示意"不應(yīng)該"或
"不允許"，語(yǔ)氣對(duì)照強(qiáng)烈。如：
We mustn't waste our time. 我們不應(yīng)該虛耗我們的時(shí)間。
Passengers must not walk across the railway line.游客不要橫穿鐵路。
You mustn't miss that modern ballet，It is extremely good. 你可不要錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)現(xiàn)代芭蕾舞劇，它好極了。
One must not divorce oneself from the masses.不應(yīng)該脫離群眾。
[注]說(shuō)"不必"須用need not。如：
Must we hand in our exercises today? -No，You needn't.我們必須今天交演習(xí)嗎? --不，不必今天交。
must也可示意已往
must只有現(xiàn)在式，通常用以示意現(xiàn)在，但有時(shí)也可以示意已往(多用在間接引語(yǔ)中)。如：
He told us we must all be ready by nine.他告訴我們?cè)诰劈c(diǎn)鐘以前都得準(zhǔn)備好。
It was too late to go back，we must go on.太晚了，回不去了，我們只有繼續(xù)往前走。
[注] have to (必須)則可以示意種種時(shí)間。如：
I am afraid You will have to wait a while.我看你得等一會(huì)兒。
At every step I had to pull my legs out of the snow.我每走一步都得將雙腿從雪中拔出來(lái)。
must也可示意語(yǔ)言人對(duì)事物的推測(cè)
但比may一定得多，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的"一定"或"準(zhǔn)是"。如：
He must be in the library now. 他現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)是在圖書(shū)館。
The old man must be over seventy now.那老人準(zhǔn)有七十多歲了。
She must know how to do farm work. 她一定明白怎樣干農(nóng)活。
You ate very little at breakfast today. You must be hungry now.
你今天早餐吃得很少，現(xiàn)在一定餓了。
[注] must加動(dòng)詞真相的舉行式，也可示意對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，有"一定""準(zhǔn)是"的意思。如：
She must be working on the experimental plot.她現(xiàn)在一定在試驗(yàn)田里事情。
must加動(dòng)詞真相的完成式
說(shuō)明對(duì)已往事物的推測(cè)，示意"一定"或"準(zhǔn)是"的意思。如：
I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She must have received it.
我是兩星期以前發(fā)的信，她一定已經(jīng)收到了。
She must have studied English before. 她以前一定學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)。
How did you know about it? Somebody must have told you. 你怎么知道這事的?一定有人告訴你了。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--may, might
may和might
may示意"允許"或"請(qǐng)求"
May I come in? -Yes，do. 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?--請(qǐng)進(jìn)。
May I borrow you raincoat? 我可以借用你的雨衣嗎?
You may go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。
You may ring us up any time during office hours.在辦公時(shí)間你可以隨時(shí)給我們打電話。
[注] may示意"允許"的否認(rèn)形式是must not(不應(yīng)該，不允許)。如：
May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No，you mustn't. 我可以把這本書(shū)拿出閱覽室嗎? --不行。
may還可示意語(yǔ)言人的展望，以為某一事情"或許"或"可能"發(fā)生
We may call on you this evening.我們也許今天晚上來(lái)看你。
She may not go to the concert tonight.今晚她可能不去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)了。
The news may or may not be true. 新聞也許是真的，也許不是真的。
[注] may用在嘆息句中可示意祝愿，愿望如：
May you succeed.祝你樂(lè)成。
May you have a pleasant journey.一起平安。
might為may的已往式
The speaker said we might ask him any question.作講述的人說(shuō)我們可以向他提任何問(wèn)題。
He said he might go to the Palace Museum on Sunday. 他說(shuō)他星期天可能去觀光故宮博物院。
[注一]night也可取代may，示意現(xiàn)在，但語(yǔ)氣較為委婉虛心或加倍不一定。如：
解析：在名詞性從句中，that既無(wú)詞義，也不作句子成分，連接一個(gè)句子成分完整的陳述句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是that的暗示，可判斷題干為一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，句首的it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為其后的that從句，故最佳答案為D。
要想在高考英語(yǔ)中取的好成績(jī)，必須把英語(yǔ)詞匯和語(yǔ)法學(xué)好，學(xué)好這些也是做好高考英語(yǔ)單選題的基
,本人是一名高中生，剛上高二，好多同學(xué)在老師家或者培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)上課，高二上補(bǔ)課班很重要嗎？ 找高中輔導(dǎo)班難嗎?上高中輔導(dǎo)班有用嗎? 高中這是一個(gè)很重要的階段,因?yàn)楹⒆觽兠媾R著高考,這可以關(guān)鍵,那個(gè)家長(zhǎng)也不敢那孩子的未來(lái)開(kāi)玩笑,現(xiàn)在高中輔導(dǎo)班已經(jīng)開(kāi)設(shè)了很多,找高中輔導(dǎo)班是不難的,那么上著班對(duì)孩子好不好,本身孩子在學(xué)習(xí)的壓力就很大,我在給他報(bào)這班,這好不好? 高中輔導(dǎo)班,He night not come today.今天他也許不來(lái)了。
Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提個(gè)建議嗎?
[注二]might用來(lái)示意現(xiàn)在時(shí)，還可示意"勸戒"，如：
You might，pay more attention to spoken English.你要更多地注重英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
You might shut the windows. The wind is blowing so hard outside.關(guān)上窗戶吧。外面風(fēng)很大。
may (might)后加動(dòng)詞的完成式
示意對(duì)已往的推測(cè)，以為某一事情在已往"可能"發(fā)生。這里may和might都指已往，不外might較為蘊(yùn)藉委婉或加倍不一定(常用于一定結(jié)構(gòu))。如：
Nick may (might) have gone to the library.尼克可能到圖書(shū)館去了。
Our manager may (might) have gone to Harbin last weekend.
我們的司理上周末可能已經(jīng)去哈爾濱了。
She may (might) have missed the plane.她也許沒(méi)遇上飛機(jī)。
[注一] may和might常用在so that和in order that所指導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中(現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中還經(jīng)常用can)。如：
Write is in simple language in order that everybody may understand it. 為了人人都看得懂，你要用簡(jiǎn)明的文字寫(xiě)。
He died，so that others night ye.他為了別人而犧牲了。
[注三] might加動(dòng)詞的完成式，可說(shuō)明某一事情在已往沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)并含有"勸告"甚至"叱責(zé)"的意思。如：
You might have told me earlier.你原本可以早點(diǎn)告訴我的。
You might have been more careful.你原本可以多加小心。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--have to
have to
have to加動(dòng)詞真相
示意"不得不""必須"的觀點(diǎn)。它比must更含有"客觀條件使得必須云云做"的意思，并有較多的時(shí)態(tài)。如：
Mr. Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.約翰遜先生為了營(yíng)生不得不拼命干活。
I had to leave the party early last night. I wasn't very well.昨晚我只得早點(diǎn)脫離晚會(huì)，我不大恬靜。
We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我們明天必須起得很早。
I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厲害，今天必須去診療所看看。
[注]口語(yǔ)中的I have got to，you have got to等：I have to，you have to. Have I got to?和Do I have to?這兩種疑問(wèn)形式均可用。
[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--shall
shall
shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于第二三人稱(chēng)
可示意語(yǔ)言人給對(duì)方的"下令""忠言""允諾""威脅"等觀點(diǎn)。如：
You shall do it，whether you want to or not. 不管你愿意不愿意，你必須做這項(xiàng)事情。(下令)
You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.這本書(shū)我一看完就給你。(允諾)
You shall pay for it.你一定會(huì)受到責(zé)罰的。(威脅)
在疑問(wèn)句中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall用于第一三人稱(chēng)
示意語(yǔ)言人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ竭督?。如?/p>
What shall I do now? 我現(xiàn)在該做什么?
Shall we go for a walk? 我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?
Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天來(lái)嗎?
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--should
should
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Should示意"勸告" "建議 "時(shí)
這時(shí)should常譯作 "應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如：
We Should learn about the computer and make full use of it.我們應(yīng)該領(lǐng)會(huì)盤(pán)算機(jī)并加以充實(shí)行使。
You should listen to the doctor's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的話。
You should study the article care fully. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì)，心學(xué)習(xí)這篇文章。
should還可以示意 "展望""可能"
They should be here by now.他們現(xiàn)在可能到了。
The reference book should be in the reading-room.這本參考書(shū)可能在閱覽室里。
should有時(shí)示意語(yǔ)言人的情緒如驚訝氣忿失望等
Why should I go? 我干嗎要去?(不滿)
I am sorry that he Should be so obstinate.我很遺憾，他竟這樣頑強(qiáng)。(失望)
It's strange that it should be so hot today.很怪，今天怎么這么熱。(驚訝)
should后跟動(dòng)詞的完成式時(shí)
這時(shí)句子指的是已往的事情。若是是一定句，常說(shuō)明某件事本應(yīng)完成而未完成;若是是否認(rèn)句，示意發(fā)生了不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生的事情.如：
You should have stopped at in red light. 你見(jiàn)了紅燈本應(yīng)該停車(chē)。
You Should not have gone back to work without the doctor's permission.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)未經(jīng)醫(yī)生允許就回去事情。
He Should have come earlier. 他應(yīng)早一點(diǎn)來(lái)。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--will
Will
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Will
可用于各人稱(chēng)，示意 "意志""意愿""刻意""允諾"等。如：
I will try. 我愿一試。
I will do my best. 我一定全力而為。
We will never do it again. 我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再做此事了。
Which will you fake?你要哪一個(gè)?
Who will go with me? 誰(shuí)愿和我一同去?
will在疑問(wèn)句中用子第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)
這時(shí)句子示意語(yǔ)言人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)。如：
Will you please explain the sentence once more?請(qǐng)你再把這個(gè)句子注釋一遍好嗎?
Will you have western food or Chinese food，Mr. Smith? 史女士先生，你吃西餐照樣中餐?
Will you pass me the butter? 請(qǐng)你把黃油遞給我好嗎?
注重下面句中的won't亦表請(qǐng)求：
Won't you come in ?請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)好嗎?
[注一] 在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中須用現(xiàn)在一樣平常時(shí)表未來(lái)，但當(dāng)will用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表意愿時(shí)，則亦可用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如I'll be glad if you will come.(你如愿來(lái)，我將會(huì)很喜悅)。
[注二]will在下面句子中 = I suppose(我意料)或probably(也許)。如：
This will be the room you are looking for. 這也許就是你要找的誰(shuí)人房間。
You will remember the story I told you the other day.你們也許還記得我那天給你們講的誰(shuí)人故事。
[注三]will有時(shí)示意一種習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
Water will boil at degrees Centigrade.水總是在攝氏煮沸。
Boys will be boys.男孩子總是男孩子。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--would
Would
是will的已往式，可用于各人稱(chēng)，示意已往時(shí)間的"意志""愿望"和 "刻意"等。如：
He declared that he would do everything to help us. 他說(shuō)要盡一切可能來(lái)輔助我們。
I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own blood to the wounded, but he wouldn't listen.和護(hù)士勸白求恩醫(yī)生不要把自己的血輸給傷員，然則他不聽(tīng)。
would用來(lái)示意現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)
這時(shí)would豈論是表達(dá)語(yǔ)言人自己的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求，均較will委婉。如：
Would you tell us something about yourself? 請(qǐng)跟我們談?wù)勀阕约汉脝?
Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?
Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop? 請(qǐng)告訴我去最近的公共汽車(chē)站怎么走好嗎?
Would you mind helping me with my packing? 請(qǐng)你幫我打打行李好嗎?
[注]在一樣平常會(huì)話中，I would like to和I should like to都可以說(shuō)，I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like。如：
I should (would) like to have a look at the new television set.我想看看這架新電視機(jī)。
I'd like to borrow a copy of Alice in Wonderland.我要借一本《愛(ài)麗絲周游奇境記》。
Would還可以示意已往習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve，he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問(wèn)題要解決時(shí)，他總是想設(shè)施一直到找到謎底為止。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--ought
ought
ought只有一種形式，后面須跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Ought示意"有義務(wù)或需要"做某件事，還可示意"勸告"。如：.
You ought to follow the old man's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽(tīng)那位老人的話。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)吸煙太多。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你神色欠好，應(yīng)該馬上到醫(yī)務(wù)室去。
[注]ought示意"應(yīng)該"，語(yǔ)氣比should 強(qiáng)。
ought后加動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式時(shí)
指已往的動(dòng)作。如用一定形式(ought to have done)，示意某一件事該做而未做，相當(dāng)于should have done。如用否認(rèn)形式(ought not to have done)，則示意一件不應(yīng)做的事情發(fā)生了，相當(dāng)于should not have done。如：
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.這個(gè)演習(xí)他應(yīng)看成得更仔細(xì)一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week. 我上星期就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這些書(shū)還給圖書(shū)館。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不應(yīng)這樣鹵莽。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不應(yīng)沒(méi)有獲得他的允許就把他的冰鞋拿走。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--dare
dare (敢)
的用法和其他動(dòng)詞有所差異。dare用于否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，其用法和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，即dare自己無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)變，后面所跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如：
They dare not tell the truth.他們不敢說(shuō)真話。
Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于認(rèn)可錯(cuò)誤嗎?
He dared say no more。他不敢再說(shuō)了。
然則dare用在一定結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可加to。如：
Young people should dare to think，dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想敢說(shuō)敢干。
[注一]在否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句中，dare也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用助動(dòng)詞do來(lái)輔助，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to。如：
Do they dare to do it? 他們敢做這事嗎?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敵人夜間不敢出來(lái)。
[注二]注重下面將兩種差異動(dòng)詞揉合在一起的說(shuō)法。如：
I didn't dale come.我不敢來(lái)。
Who dares stop me? 誰(shuí)敢阻攔我?
[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--need
need(需要)
的用法與dare險(xiǎn)些完全相同。即在否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句中，和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，自己無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)變，后面用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式;在一定句中時(shí)，和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在一樣平常時(shí)加-s，并有時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。如：
Need we return the magazines today?我們今天需要把雜志還回去嗎?
Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每個(gè)成員每年只需繳一點(diǎn)錢(qián)就可以獲得醫(yī)療。
You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你們不必寫(xiě)下這個(gè)翻譯演習(xí)，口頭做就行了。
[注]與dare一樣，在否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句里，need也可和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同，用助動(dòng)詞to do來(lái)輔助，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式必須帶to。如：
Do they need to take any tools with them? -No., they don't need to.他們需要帶工具嗎? --不需要。
He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。
need后面著名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
完全用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，示意"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。這時(shí)，它的轉(zhuǎn)變和一樣平常實(shí)義動(dòng)詞完全相同。如：
I need a dictionary.我需要字典。
You need a hair-cut. 你該剃頭了。
Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自來(lái)水筆嗎?
I don't need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。
Mary looks tried，she needs a rest. 瑪麗看上去累了，需要休息。
Needn't后加動(dòng)詞不定式(不帶to)的完成式時(shí)
指已往已做了但勿須做的動(dòng)作。如：
You needn't have watered the vegetables，as it is going to rain.你滿可以不必澆菜，天要下雨了。
You needn't have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你滿可以不必帶傘，我們要坐出租汽車(chē)去。
[注一]注重didn't have to和didn't nee to則常示意已往未做也勿須做的動(dòng)作。如：
I didn't have to interpret it for her，for she knows Chinese.我勿須為她翻譯，她懂漢語(yǔ)。
I didn't need to take a taxi; it is only five minutes walk to the station.到車(chē)站只須走五分鐘，我不需要坐出租汽車(chē)。
[注二] used to和had better也可看作是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to示意已往的習(xí)慣，但現(xiàn)在已無(wú)此習(xí)慣(would表已往習(xí)慣時(shí)則無(wú)此寄義)。如：
When I was young，I used to play football.我小時(shí)常踢足球。
He didn't use to come. (或用usedn't to)他已往不常來(lái)。
Did he used to come? (亦可說(shuō)used he to...?)他已往常來(lái)嗎?had better表可取，意為"應(yīng)該"或"最好"。如：
We had better go now. 我們最好走吧。
You'd better stop now.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該停下來(lái)。(對(duì)尊長(zhǎng)不能用had better)
成都高中文化課指點(diǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)電話：,戴氏教育高三歷史沖刺機(jī)構(gòu)小班組輔導(dǎo) 名教師輔導(dǎo)-位學(xué)生，讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都被關(guān)注和照顧，學(xué)習(xí)氣氛濃厚，多人一起互動(dòng)，體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)樂(lè)趣。
