北京高中一對一英語輔導價格_高中英語語法大全
Today,____, which havebrought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____.Second,____.What makes things worse is that____.
高三英語作文怎么寫才能得高分?以下是小編為大家整理的有關(guān)高三英語作文優(yōu)秀句子,希望對您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學習! 段首句 .關(guān)于人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為 There are different opinions among people as to____.Some
第 主謂一致
一.看法:
主謂一致是指:
語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
一樣平常來說,不能數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但當不能數(shù)名詞前有示意數(shù)目的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
Readingand writing are very important. 讀寫很主要。
注重:當主語由and連結(jié)時,若是它示意一個單一的看法,即指統(tǒng)一人或統(tǒng)一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時毗鄰的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如:
The ironand steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生涯有主要意義。
典型例題
The Leaguesecretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
謎底B. 注:先從時態(tài)上思量。這是已往發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用已往時,先清掃A.,C。本題易誤選D,由于The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩小我私人,但仔細鑒別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一小我私人,以是應(yīng)選B。
主謂一致中的靠近原則
當therebe 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最相近的主語保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆一把小刀和幾本書。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-threegirl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩,二十三個女孩。
當either… or… 與neither… nor,毗鄰兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最相近的主語保持一致。若是句子是由here, there指導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最相近的主語一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆信封和紙。
謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no lessthan, as well as 等詞組成的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語部門一致。例如:
Theteacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 西席和一些學生在旅行工廠。
He as wellas I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
謂語需用單數(shù)的情形
代詞each以及由every,some, no, any等組成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時,或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:
Eachof us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
TheArabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語興趣者熟悉的一本書。
示意款項,時間,價錢或器量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一樣平常用單數(shù)。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準備。
Tenyuan is enough. 十元夠了。
指代意義決議謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)
代詞what, which, who, none, some,any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決議。例如:
All is right. 一切順遂。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
整體名詞作主語時,謂語的數(shù)要憑證主語的意思來決議。如family, audience, crew,crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時強調(diào)這個整體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時強調(diào)該整體的整體。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂興趣者。
但聚集名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情形下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 周圍有警員嗎?
有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù),有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Anumber of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
Thenumber of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。
Anumber of books have lent out.
Themajority of the students like English.
與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情形
用halfof, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:
Mostof his money is spent on books. 他大部門的錢化在書上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part insports. 大部門學生起勁介入體育運動。
用a portion of, a seriesof, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木料。
如many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時,動詞應(yīng)與厥后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
Manya person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。
Morethan percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學生來自這個都會。
第 動詞的時態(tài)
一. 看法:
時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式,示意動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài).英語中的時態(tài)是通過動詞形式自己的轉(zhuǎn)變來實現(xiàn)的.英語有時態(tài),但中學階段較常用的有十種:一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時,一樣平常已往時,一樣平常未來時,已往未來時,現(xiàn)在舉行時,已往舉行時,未來舉行時,已往完成時,英在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成舉行時.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時的用法
經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與示意頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at every morning. 天天早上我七點脫離家。
客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
Theearth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。
示意格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注重:此用法若是泛起在賓語從句中,縱然主句是已往時,從句謂語也要用一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時。
例:Columbusproved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)能力性格個性。例如:
Idon't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Annwrites good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
對照:NowI put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing myhomework now. 我正在做作業(yè)。
第一句用一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時,用于操作演示或指導說明的樹模性動作,示意言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是舉行時的標志,示意正在舉行的動作的客觀狀態(tài),以是后句用一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時。
一樣平常已往時的用法
在確定的已往時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday,last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 。例如:
Where didyou go just now? 適才你上哪兒去了?
示意在已往一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I wasa child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時刻,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, theywere given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什么時刻去,都受到熱烈迎接。
句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is timefor you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 示意'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'drather you came tomorrow.照樣明天來吧。
wish, wonder, think, hope 等用已往時,作試探性的詢問請求建議等,而一樣平常已往時示意的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為已往,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
對照:Christinewas an invalid all her life.(寄義:她已不在人世。)
Christine hasbeen an invalid all her life.(寄義:她現(xiàn)在還在世)
Mrs. Darby livedin Kentucky for seven years. (寄義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived inKentucky for seven years. (寄義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注重: 用已往時示意現(xiàn)在,示意委婉語氣。
動詞want, hope, wonder, think,intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
情態(tài)動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
一樣平常未來時
shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所取代。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如:
Whichparagraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will yoube at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
be going to +不定式,示意未來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to dotomorrow? 明天設(shè)計作什么呢?
b. 設(shè)計,放置要發(fā)生的事。例如:The play is going to beproduced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there isgoing to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。
be +不定式表未來,按設(shè)計或正式放置將發(fā)生的事。例如:
Weare to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份講述。
be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
Heis about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注重:be about to do 不能與tomorrow,next week 等示意明確未來時的時間狀語連用。
一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時表未來
下列動詞come,go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時可以示意未來,主要用來示意在時間上已確定或放置好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時刻開?十分鐘后。
以here, there等最先的倒裝句,示意動作正在舉行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。
在動詞hope, take care that, make surethat等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before youleave the room. 脫離房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。
用現(xiàn)在舉行時示意未來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在舉行時可以示意未來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時用來示意之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其效果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可示意連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其組成:have (has) +已往分詞。
對照一樣平常已往時與現(xiàn)在完成時
一樣平常已往時示意已往某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述已往的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為已往發(fā)生的,強調(diào)已往的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響。
一樣平常已往時常與詳細的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一樣平常已往時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in inOctober, just now等,皆為詳細的時間狀語。
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
配合的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
現(xiàn)在完成時可示意連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一樣平常是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一樣平常已往時常用的非連續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die,finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this filmyesterday. (強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)
I have seenthis film. (強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,影戲的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)
Why did you getup so early? (強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)
Who hasn'thanded in his paper? (強調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公正競爭)
He has been inthe League for three years. (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been aLeague member for three years. (是團員的狀態(tài)可連續(xù))
句子中若有已往時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用已往時。
(錯)Tomhas written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tomwrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
It is the first / second time....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部門,用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次接見這都會。
This is the first time (that) I'veheard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注重:It was the third time that theboy had been late.
This is +形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever)seen. 這是我看過的最好的影戲。
已往完成時
看法:示意已往的已往
----|----------|--------|---->其組成是had+已往分詞組成。
那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在
用法
a. 在told,said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she hadnever been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在已往差異時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用已往完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一樣平常
已往時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警員到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 示意意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用已往完成時示意"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,然則你沒有來。
已往完成時的時間狀語before, by, until ,when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that hehad learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time hewas twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生最先自己營生。
Tom wasdisappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,由于他到達晚會時,大部門客人已經(jīng)走了。
用一樣平常已往時取代已往完成時
兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一樣平常已往時。例如:
When shesaw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My auntgave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一樣平常已往時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用已往完
成時。例如:
When Iheard the news, I was very excited.
敘述歷史事實,可不用已往完成時,而只用一樣平常已往時。例如:
Ourteacher told us that Columbus discovered America in
未來完成時
組成will have done
看法
a. 狀態(tài)完成:示意某事繼續(xù)到未來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如:
They will havebeen married for years by then. 到那時他們?nèi)⒂H將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:示意未來某一時或另一個未來的動作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的履歷。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此時,你已經(jīng)到達上海了
在舉行時
現(xiàn)在舉行時的基本用法:
a. 示意現(xiàn)在(指語言人語言時)正在發(fā)生的事情。例如:
Weare waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣舉行:示意耐久的或重復(fù)性的動作,語言時動作未必正在舉行。例如:
Mr.Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(語言時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
c. 示意漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
Theleaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It'sgetting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always,constantly, forever 等詞連用,示意頻頻發(fā)生的動作或連續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有語言人的主觀色彩。例如:
You arealways changing your mind. 你總是改變主意。
已往舉行時
看法:示意已往某時正在舉行的狀態(tài)或動作。
已往舉行時的主要用法是形貌一件事發(fā)生的靠山;一個長動作延續(xù)的時刻,另一個短動作發(fā)生。
常用的時間狀語有this morning, the wholemorning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle andhurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們脫離車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun wasshining. 我到達山頂時,陽光光耀。
未來舉行時
看法:示意未來某時舉行的狀態(tài)或動作,或按展望未來會發(fā)生的事情。例如:
She'll be coming soon. 她會很快來的。
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 未來我一定去見他。
注重:未來舉行時不用于示意"意志",不能說I'll be having a talk with her.
常用的時間狀語有soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, bythis time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如:By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此時,我正躺在海灘上呢。
一樣平常現(xiàn)在時取代一樣平常未來時
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by thetime, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment,the minute, the day, the year, immediately等指導的時間狀語從句,條件句中,用一樣平常現(xiàn)在時取代未來時。例如:
Heis going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。
一樣平常現(xiàn)在時取代一樣平常已往時
) "書上說","報紙上說"等。例如:
The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。
敘述往事,使其生動。例如:
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battlebegins.拿破侖的軍隊正在向前挺進,大戰(zhàn)最先了
一樣平常現(xiàn)在時取代現(xiàn)在完成時
有些動詞用一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時取代完成時,如hear, tell,learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如:
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。
用句型 " It is … since…"取代"Ithas been … since …"。例如:
It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 從我們上次碰頭以來,五年已往了。
一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時取代現(xiàn)在舉行時。
在Herecomes…/There goes…等句型里,用一樣平?,F(xiàn)在時取代現(xiàn)在舉行時。例如:
There goesthe bell. 鈴響了。
現(xiàn)在舉行時取代未來時
結(jié)尾部分:
高三英語作文怎么寫才能得高分?以下是小編為大家整理的有關(guān)高三英語作文寫作模板,希望對您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學習! 書信的常見寫作模板 開頭部分: .Let me tell you something about the activity. .Im glad to have r
,高三歷史學習機構(gòu)基礎(chǔ) “萬丈高樓平地起”,這是再簡單不過的道理,但并不是每一個人都能切實地履行這條定理。高中三年,不僅僅是高三一年的努力就能夠鎖定勝局,高一高二的基礎(chǔ)尤為重要。幾乎每一個經(jīng)過高三的人都會說,我真后悔高一高二沒有好好讀書。這句話實在聽得太多了,有時甚至就連我自己也會有這樣的想法。,示意即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中設(shè)計好的流動。例如:
Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一起度周末好嗎?
We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。
漸更改詞,如get, run, grow, become,begin以及瞬間動詞die等。例如:
He is dying. 他要死了。
時態(tài)一致
若是從句所敘述的為真理或相對穩(wěn)固的事實,則用現(xiàn)在時。例如:
At thattime, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時,人們不知道地球是動的。
He told melast week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。
賓語從句中的,助動詞ought, need,must, dare 的時態(tài)是穩(wěn)固的。例如:
He thoughtthat I need not tell you the truth. 他以為我不必告訴你真相。
第三章 動詞的語態(tài)
一.看法:
動詞的語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,示意主語和謂語之間語法或語義的關(guān)系.英語的語態(tài)有兩種:自動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).自動語態(tài)用于自動句,示意主語是動作的執(zhí)行者.被動語態(tài)用于被動句,示意主語是動作的遭受者.自動語態(tài)的組成方式與動詞時態(tài)相同,而被動語態(tài)由 助動詞be+已往分詞 組成,有人稱,數(shù),時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變.
一. 相關(guān)知識點精講
let 的用法
當let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞,變被動語態(tài)時,可用不帶to 的不定式。
例如:
They let the strange go.他們放生疏人走了。
---> The strange was let go.
當let 后賓補較長時,let 通常不用被動語態(tài),而用allow或permit 取代。例如:
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in thehospital. 那護士讓我去探望住院的同硯。
----> I was allowed / permitted to see myclassmate in the hospital.
短語動詞的被動語態(tài)
短語動詞是一個整體,不能丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如:
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。
示意"聽說"或"信托"的詞組,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel ,report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如:
It is said that… 聽說
It is reportedthat… 據(jù)報道
It is believedthat… 人人信托
It is hopedthat… 人人希望
It is wellknown that… 眾所周知
It is thoughtthat… 人人以為
It is suggestedthat… 據(jù)建議
It is takengranted that… 被視為固然
It has beendecided that… 人人決議
It must beremember that… 務(wù)必記著的是
不用被動語態(tài)的情形
不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語,如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 竣事), fail, happen, last, lie, remain,sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, loseheart, take place等沒有無被動語態(tài)。例如:
After thefire, very little remained of my house. 大火事后,我家燒得所剩無幾。
對照:rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞;raise, seat是及物動詞。
要想準確地使用被動語態(tài),就須注重哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。稀奇是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習歷程中多注意積累。
不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語,如fit, have, hold,marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake handswith, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如:
Thiskey just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說的一致。
系動詞無被動語態(tài),如appear, be become, fall, feel,get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如:It sounds good. 聽上去不錯。
帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death,dream/dream, live/life等,以及反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:
She dreamed abad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個噩夢。
當賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如:
(對) She likes to swim.
(錯) To swim is liked by her.
自動形式示意被動意義
wash, clean, cook, iron,look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如:
The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。
blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如:
I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了,我該受指責。
Much work remains. 另有許多活要干。
在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動名詞必須用自動形式。例如:
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to berepaired. 門該修了。
This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。
特殊結(jié)構(gòu):make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聞聲/明白自己)等。例如:
Explain itclearly and make yourself understood. 注釋清晰些,讓別人明白你的話。
被動形式示意自動意義,如 be determined, be pleased, begraduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如:
He is graduated from a famous university. 他結(jié)業(yè)于一所著名的大學。
注重:示意同某人娶親,用marry sb. 或getmarried to sb.均可。例如:
He married a rich girl. 他與一個富妞娶親了。
He got married to a rich girl.
need/want/require/worth
當 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時,示意的是被動意義。例如:
Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。
第四章 動詞的語氣
一.看法
語氣有三種:陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.語氣示意語言人對勸詞所示示的動作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
鑒別if 指導真實條件句和if指導的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he hastime and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact hehas no time.
虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動詞組成形式如下表
if條件句中的謂與動詞
主句的謂與動詞
與現(xiàn)在的事實相反
行為動詞用did 形式
be動詞用were
should
would
could + 動詞真相
might
與已往的事實相反
had + done
should
would
could + have + done
might
與未來的事實相反
行為動詞用did
should + 動詞真相
were to + 動詞真相
should
would
could + 動詞真相
might
與未來的事實相反
行為動詞用did
should + 動詞真相
were to + 動詞真相
should
would
could + 動詞真相
might
夾雜時間的虛擬語氣
若是條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生,主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)劃分憑證各自所示意的時間加以調(diào)整。
0If I had received the passport yesterday, I wouldstart today.
If he had telephoned me last night, I would seehim now.
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all rightnow.
If China had not been liberated, the workingpeople would still be leading a miserable life.
should/could / might/ ought to + have done 示意“已往本應(yīng)該/可以做而現(xiàn)實上卻沒做”
needn’thave done 示意“已往沒需要作而現(xiàn)實上做了”
虛擬語氣中的倒裝句
若是虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, could, should,有時可將if省去,而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could 之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to yourparty.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
wish后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣,示意“惋惜…;….就好了; 悔不應(yīng)…; 希望…?!?/p>
主句謂語
從句謂語
wish
時態(tài)
謂語動詞的形式
現(xiàn)在時
示意與wish同時發(fā)生
動詞用已往時
be動詞用were
已往時
示意在wish之前發(fā)生的動作
動詞用had done
be用had been
未來時
示意在wish之后發(fā)生的動作
動詞用would do; should do
be 用 would be ; should be
I wish I knew the key to the answer.
I wish I were ten years younger.
I wish that I had gone to the football match lastweek.
I wish that you had been here yesterday.
He wishes that we would visit the old school.
示意下令或建議動詞suggest,insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的賓語從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動詞真相; should 不能用would 來替換; 主句所使用的動詞時態(tài)不限。
suggest 為“建議去做…; 下令…”從句用should + do
為“ 說明; 示意”, 從句用已往時或已往完成時。
The doctor suggested that I should take themedicine three times a day.
The doctorsuggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
insist“堅持要去做…,堅持應(yīng)該去做”,從句用should + do為“堅持解釋,堅持說/注釋”, 從句用已往時或已往完成時。
虛擬語氣也用于表語從句和主語從句中,示意間接的下令要求請求建議決議等,主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型,should 可以省略。
在主語從句中,當從句用來示意驚訝不信托惋惜等,從句的謂語動詞用需擬語氣形式。其謂語動詞時should + 動詞原型, 或should 省略。
第 助動詞
一.看法:
助動詞是輔助主要動詞組成種種時態(tài),語態(tài),語氣以及否認或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞.助動詞分為時態(tài)助動詞和結(jié)構(gòu)助動詞兩種.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講:
助動詞be的用法
be +現(xiàn)在分詞,組成舉行時態(tài)。例如:
They are havinga meeting. 他們正在開會。
English isbecoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越主要。
be + 已往分詞,組成被動語態(tài)。例如:
The window wasbroken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
English istaught throughout the world. 天下各地都教英語。
be + 動詞不定式,可示意下列內(nèi)容:
a. 示意最近未來的設(shè)計或放置。例如:
He is togo to New York next week.. 他下周要去紐約。
We are toteach the freshmen. 我們要教新生。
說明:這種用法也可以說成是一種未來時態(tài)表達法。
b. 示意下令。例如:
You areto explain this. 對此你要做出注釋。
He is tocome to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下晝來辦公室。
c. 征求意見。例如:
How am Ito answer him? 我該怎樣回答他?
Who is togo there? 誰該去那兒呢?
d. 示意相約商定。例如:
We are tomeet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨在校門口聚集。
助動詞have的用法
have +已往分詞,組成完成時態(tài)。例如:
Hehas left for London. 他已去了倫敦。
Bythe end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未為止,他們已經(jīng)完成事情的一半。
have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞,組成完成舉行時。例如:
I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學英語,已達十年之久。
have +been +已往分詞,組成完成式被動語態(tài)。例如:
English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。
助動詞do 的用法
組成一樣平常疑問句。例如:
Doyou want to pass the CET? 你想通過大學英語測試嗎?
Didyou study German? 你們學過德語嗎?
do + not 組成否認句。例如:
I donot want to be criticized. 我不想挨指斥。
Hedoesn't like to study. 他不想學習。
Inthe past, many students did not know the importance of English.
已往,很多多少學生不知道英語的主要性。
組成否認祈使句。例如:
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要這么心不在焉。
說明: 組成否認祈使句只用do,不用did和does。
放在動詞真相前,增強該動詞的語氣。例如:
Docome to my birthday party. 一定來加入我的生日宴會。
Idid go there. 我確實去那兒了。
I domiss you. 我確實想你。
用于倒裝句。例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。
Onlywhen we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進了大學以后,我們才熟悉到英語的主要性。
說明: 指導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
用作代動詞。例如:
----Do you like Beijing? --你喜歡北京嗎?
----Yes, I do. --是的,喜歡。(do用作代動詞,取代like Beijing.)
Heknows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道若何開車,對吧?
助動詞shall和will的用法
shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞真相一起組成一樣平常未來時。例如:
I shall study harder at English. 我將加倍起勁地學習英語。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
說明:在已往的語法中,語法學家說shall用于第一人稱,will只用于第二第三人稱。現(xiàn)
/p>
在,尤其是在口語中,will常用于第一人稱,但shall只用于第一人稱,如用于第二第三人稱,就失去助動詞的意義,已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞,試對照:
He shallcome. 他必須來。(shall有下令的意味。)
He willcome. 他要來。(will只與動詞真相組成一樣平常未來時。)
助動詞should, would的用法
should無詞義,只是shall的已往形式,與動詞真相組成已往未來時,只用于第一人稱。例如:
Itelephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話,問他我下周干什么。
對照:"What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么?"我問道。
可以說,shall釀成間接引語時,釀成了should。
would也無詞義,是will的已往形式,與動詞真相組成已往未來時,用于第二第三人稱。例如:
He saidhe would come. 他說他要來。
對照:"I will go," he said. 他說:"我要去那兒。"釀成間接引語,就成了He said he would come。原來的will釀成would,go釀成了come.。
短語動詞
動詞加小品組成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如:
Turn off the radio. 把收音機關(guān)上。(turnoff是短語動詞)
短語動詞的組成基本有下列幾種:
動詞+副詞,如:blackout;
動詞+介詞,如:lookinto;
成都高中文化課指點機構(gòu)電話:,高三歷史培訓班高考的壓力很大,所以高三學生在高考前感到焦慮是很正常的。適當?shù)慕箲]也是對學生的一種鼓勵,在一定程度上可以幫助孩子考出一個好成績,但是過度焦慮的話,就會對人的身體健康產(chǎn)生巨大的危害了,甚至會影響到學生的考試,所以大家一定要加以重視。高考之前,人的身上出現(xiàn)焦慮的現(xiàn)象非常正常,如果焦慮不是很嚴重,大家是不需要擔心的,但是如果焦慮非常嚴重,那么大家**是適當?shù)丶右砸龑?,這個時候家長們可以給孩子做一些思想工作,讓孩子不要有太大的壓力,同時在督促孩子學習的過程中,還要注意勞逸結(jié)合,多帶孩子放松放松。