高中英語怎樣補習(xí)_高考英語詞匯歸類溫習(xí)總結(jié)
()不定式用于某些動詞(如have,have got,get,want,need等)的賓語后作定語時,如果不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語,則要用主動形式表示被動意義
高考臨近,你是否還在焦慮英語做的不好。其實想學(xué)好英語是有技巧的,下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼姆侵^語動詞知識點歸納,希望大家喜歡!高考英語知識點歸納:非謂語動詞用主動表被動(
一從用法上溫習(xí)歸納詞匯,過語法關(guān)
英語詞匯大多具有自己詞義外,另有其語法功效,我們在溫習(xí)時就不要把著眼點單純放在單詞影象上,而 要從它們的語法功效上去掌握它們。如在溫習(xí)動詞時我們就要憑證它們轉(zhuǎn)變形式多搭配活躍等特點,從它們 的用法上舉行分類影象。這樣,既可記著詞匯,又可攻克語法難關(guān)。
賓語差異,意義也差異
英語中有些動詞可同時后接不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義差異。它們是高考試題的考察重點。這類詞主 要有:
go on doing(繼續(xù)干統(tǒng)一件事) go on to do(接著去干另一件事)
stop doing sth.(住手正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下往復(fù)干某事)
regret doing(痛恨干了某事) regret to do(相當(dāng)于be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(遺忘/記得已做過的事) forget/rem-ember to do(遺忘/記得要干的事)
mean doing(意味著干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(實驗做) try to do(想法做)
(考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
(考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
(考)They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going
都可接賓語和賓補,形式卻差異
某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞,但接賓補時 ,賓補要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here.(賓語)We forbid you to smoke here.(賓補)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主補)
賓語差異語態(tài)差異,意義卻相同
有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被動形式),可接動名詞(要用自動形式表被 動意義),可與worth,worthy一并影象。兩種形式意義相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(考)This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組
只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組
只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:
(考)I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling
(考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch
系動詞
系動詞后可用名詞不定式分詞和形容詞等作表語,這類詞有:
表感觀的系動詞:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(這些詞用形容詞作表語)
表轉(zhuǎn)變的系動詞:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依舊的系動詞:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可帶名詞作表語的系動詞:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(該詞后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。如:He turned teacher.)(考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well
含"被動"意味的動詞
有些動詞,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它們的主語是事物,且又是示意主語的固有特征和狀態(tài),與行為方式狀語連 用時,要用自動形式表被動意義:
My pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫。Oil burns easily.油易燃燒。
(考)That suit_________over dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost
(考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____________there behind the door."A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
具有兩種形式的易混動詞
中學(xué)英語課本中有些不規(guī)則動詞有兩種已往式或兩種已往分詞形式,使用或考測時極易弄混。如:
hang,hanged,hanged(絞死)hang,hung,hung(掛起)
light,lit,lit(點燃,作謂語)light,lighted,lighted(已往分詞作形容詞用時,意謂"燃燒著的",作定語)
drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,飲;已往分詞作形容詞同時,意謂"醉的",drunk多作表語,drunke n多作定語)
sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;已往分詞sunken作形容詞用時,作定語)
bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(效果;生育)The woman,who was born in has borne five children.
lie(說謊), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,臥,位于),lay, lain, lying
(考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
二從搭配上溫習(xí)歸納詞匯,過習(xí)語關(guān)
英語詞匯的搭配十分活躍,溫習(xí)時我們要把重點放在某些常用的動詞名詞或介詞副詞。我們可按下列 方式舉行對比歸納。
常用的搭配活躍的名詞: 常用的搭配較活躍的名詞有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短語在中學(xué)課本中泛起有:in no time(馬上,馬上),on time(準(zhǔn)時),in time(實時早晚最終),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不實時,晚點),at one time(曾經(jīng)),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它時刻,平素),at times(有時刻),at all times(一直,經(jīng)常)
(考)If you keep on,you will succeed_____________.A.in time B.at one time C.on time D.at the same time
(考)Don't all speak at once!___________,please.A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time
常用的搭配活躍的動詞: 常用的搭配活躍的動詞有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。溫習(xí)時我們要只管將具有相反意義的介詞副詞與統(tǒng)一動詞的搭配枚舉在一起對比影象,如turn一詞:turn on(打開),turn off(關(guān)上),turn up(放大音量等;泛起),turn down(放小音量等;拒絕) ,turn in(上交),turn against(否決),turn out(生產(chǎn)),turn away(避開)
(考)Would you mind__________your radio a little? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down
(考)Readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A.get over B.get out of C.get away D.get off
常用的搭配活躍的介詞副詞: 搭配活躍的介詞副詞有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。溫習(xí)時,我們要從差異動 詞名詞等與統(tǒng)一介詞副詞搭配舉行逐一過關(guān),如on的搭配有:
①on與動詞的搭配: get on(上車/船等),live on(以…為生),feed on(以…為生),take on(接受;招聘),turn on(打開開關(guān)/電器等),look on(旁觀),spy on(偵探/窺探),call on(招呼;造訪),go on(繼續(xù) ),have on(穿著),dependon(依賴),wait on(侍候),carry on(執(zhí)行),hold on(堅持),insi st on(堅持),play tr-icks on(戲弄),fix on(注視),impress on(留下印象)
②on與名詞搭配(注重冠詞的取舍):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃燒),on show(展覽),on time(準(zhǔn)時) ,on strike(歇工),on watch(監(jiān)視,考察),on sale(出售;大減價),on earth(到底,事實),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(有意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右邊),on the whole(總而言之),on one's own(獨自 ),on one's side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/請假)
③其它情形:later on(厥后),from now/then on(從現(xiàn)在/那時起),on account of(由于,由于)
(考)We offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of
(考)A new school was___________in the village last year. A.held up B.set up C.sent up D.brought up
三從對比詞/詞組的同義詞序或結(jié)構(gòu)等溫習(xí)歸納詞匯,過辨析關(guān)
動作動詞和效果動詞: 英語中有些動詞雖然意義相同,但用法差異,有的示意某個動作,而另一個則示意該動作所發(fā)生的效果, 這類動詞常見的有:look for(尋找),find(找到);look(看),see(瞥見);listen(聽),hear(聽到);try(試 圖,不說明是否樂成),manage(想法,偏重做到);advise(勸告,不說明是否勸成),persuade(勸服, 偏重勸樂成)
(考)How can you__________if you are not_________? A.listen,hearing B.hear,listening C.be listening,heard D.be hearing,listened to
詞序差異意思就差異: 有少量詞組顛倒詞序后意思和用法就差異了,常見的有:before long(不久以后),long before(良久以前)turn in(上交;睡眠),in turn(按順序,輪流)hand in(上交),in hand(在手邊)from far(來自遠方),far from(離得遠;遠非)much too(異常,修飾形容詞或副詞),too much(太多,修飾名詞,也可作名詞)if only(要是…),only if(只有…)all in(精疲力盡),in all(總共)good for(對…有利益),for good(永遠)
(海)It was__________late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. A.too very B.much too C.too much D.far
Before long,he moved to London and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Aus trians out of their homeland.
動詞后有無介詞,意思差異: 因有無介詞而詞義差其余動詞在中學(xué)英語課本中較多,常見的如:search(對人物或場所搜查),search for(征采人物或場所)leave(脫離某地),leave for(去某地)reach(到達;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿)prepare(準(zhǔn)備),prepare for(為…作準(zhǔn)備)enter(進入),enter for(報名加入)run(謀劃;跑),run for(競選)stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表)answer(回覆),answer for(認真)know(領(lǐng)會,知道),know about(知道關(guān)于…)pay(付錢債給某人),pay for(付錢買某物)
The baby reached for the apple but he couldn't reach it.那嬰兒伸手去拿蘋果,但夠不到。
The mayor who used to run a small shop will run for the Senate.誰人曾謀劃過一家小店的市長準(zhǔn)備 去競選參議員。
有無-ly,意思和用法都差異: 這詞在課本中較多。一樣平常來說,在形容詞后加了-ly成了副詞,但有些形容詞不加-ly時也可作副詞,因而 在使用或考測時學(xué)生?;煜磺?,溫習(xí)時可按用法分類影象:
a.表詳細(無-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的區(qū)別:wide(寬闊),widely(普遍地)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(職位卑微)
b.有無-ly,意思差異:near(近,周圍),nearly(險些)hard(起勁),hardly(險些不)most(大部門),mostly(主要地)like(象…一樣),likely(也許,也許)dear(昂貴),dearly(深切地;昂貴地)close(靠近地),closely(親熱地)late(遲到),lately(最近)bad(壞),badly(惡劣地;嚴(yán)重地)
合寫與分寫時意思差異:這類詞在拼法上一樣,但合寫和分寫在用法和意義上卻差異,常見的詞有:sometime(某個時刻),some time(一段時間)sometimes(有時),some times(幾回)everyday(adj."一樣平常的",作定語),every day(天天)anyway(adv.無論怎樣),any way(以任何方式)altogether(總共,完全),all together(一道,一起)already(已經(jīng)),all ready(都已準(zhǔn)備好)everyone(每小我私人,指人,不能接of短語),every one (每小我私人或物,后可接of短語)none(沒有,可指人或物),no one(沒有,專指人)
(考)They were all very tired,but_____of them would stop to take a rest. A.any B.some C.none D.neither
差了一個字母a,意思大差異: 這類詞不多,但在演習(xí)中極易失足,使用時也?;煜?,因而要從用法和意義上加以鑒別H紓?br> alive(adj."在世的",作表語),live(adj.修飾物,作定語:a live fire)
alone(adj.,adv."獨自",作形容詞時作表語),lone(adj."伶仃的;偏僻的",作定語)
asleep(adj."熟睡的",常作表語),sleep(V.,n.睡著)
awake(adj.,v."醒著;叫醒",作形容詞時作表語),wake(v.叫醒)
alike(adj."相象的",表語形容詞),like(v.,prep.,adj.喜歡;象…一樣)
arise(vi.發(fā)生;發(fā)生;泛起),rise(vi.起來;上漲;上升)
across(prep.,adv.穿過;橫過),cross(v.穿過;橫過)
await(vt."期待",直接接賓語),wait(vi."期待",不及物動詞)
aloud(adv."高聲地",與read,call,cry等連用,無對照級形式),loud(adv."高聲地,響亮地", 常與talk,speak,shout,laugh等詞連用)
注重:有a-的形容詞常作表語,作定語時則要后置。如:It's difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again.
四歸納易拼錯的常用詞,過拼寫關(guān)
歸納易拼錯的常用詞如:quarrel,immerdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic ,public,appreciate,pronunciation等,攻克單詞拼寫難關(guān)。
從高考題看情態(tài)動詞的用法
最近幾年高考試題中經(jīng)常借助語境來考察情態(tài)動詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別,因此在平時學(xué)習(xí)時準(zhǔn)確明白和掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法十分主要。情態(tài)動詞的用法龐大多變,在高考試題中,命題者經(jīng)常行使語境和句子之間意義上的細微差異來考察學(xué)生對情態(tài)動詞的明白和掌握。對于情態(tài)動詞,除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外,還要充實行使高考試題所設(shè)置的語境來剖析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。下面就近幾年來高考試題中泛起的情態(tài)動詞的考點舉行歸納剖析,以便同硯們溫習(xí)掌握。
. freeze (froze, frozen) 結(jié)冰
英語是許多人難以攻克的短板,你的英語學(xué)得如何?千萬不要焦慮,下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼母呖颊Z法填空解題技巧,希望大家喜歡!高考語法填空解題技巧一部分過去式和過去分詞不規(guī)??
,老師輔導(dǎo)讓孩子知道的更多 在課堂上老師講的內(nèi)容可能一句話就說過去了,但是孩子在那一刻沒有聽清楚或者不是很理解.那就很麻煩了,所以就要進老師來給孩子講一些他在上課沒有聽懂的地方,要把老師講的重點在.多學(xué)一點,到時候考試都能用的上. ,一用“情態(tài)動詞+have +done”結(jié)構(gòu)示意對已往動作的推測,高考試題中常用已往時態(tài)或已往的時間狀語給以示意。情態(tài)動詞的這一用法可以用 “對立統(tǒng)一”來歸納綜合。
當(dāng)試題的前句和后句在動作和意義上相互彌補說明,且整個句意在動作和時間上是一個整體時,我們可用“統(tǒng)一”關(guān)系來解決這樣的試題。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
must have done: 示意對已往動作的一定推測,常譯作“一定做了……”,只能用于一定句中。其否認形式為can’t/couldn’t have done? 疑問式為Can/Could...have done﹖。
could /might have done:示意對已往發(fā)生的動作的可能性推測,常譯作“可能做了……”。如:
Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. ?(北京 )
A. might B. should C. can D. will
該題前句說明晰卻果,后句接著說出了發(fā)生這種效果的可能性,對前句舉行彌補說明。剖析選項可知本題應(yīng)選A。
My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. ?(上海
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
該題前句敘說一個客觀事實,后句對前句舉行彌補說明,剖析選項可知C是錯誤的? 而BD兩項不相符題意。故本題選A。又如:
Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上?!?/p>
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. need not have arrived (C)
當(dāng)試題的前后句在動作和意義上組成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時,常借助“but, however, instead”等詞來示意已往的動作與客觀事實不符,這時我們就可以用“對立”關(guān)系來解決這樣的試題。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有:
should have done / ought to have done:示意已往本應(yīng)該做某事而現(xiàn)實上沒有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:示意已往本不應(yīng)該做某事但事實上卻做了。
need have done:示意已往原本有需要去做某事,但事實上沒有做。
need not have done:示意已往原本沒有需要做某事,但事實上卻做了。如:
I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (NMET
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
剖析該題前后句之間的關(guān)系和語氣可知,事實上是 “本不應(yīng)該離家出走卻走了”,故本題選B。
I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her. (NMET’
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
由句中的連詞but可知前后句之間是對立關(guān)系,剖析題意可知本題應(yīng)選C。
二考察情態(tài)動詞基本用法之間的對照和辨析。最近幾年高考試題中常借助詳細的語境來考察考生對那些最常見的情態(tài)動詞的基本用法的明白和掌握,因此在做這樣的試題時應(yīng)認真剖析語境中所含的現(xiàn)實意義,并連系情態(tài)動詞的基本寄義和用法做出準(zhǔn)確的選擇。
—Is John coming by train﹖
—He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET
A. must B. can C. need D. may
mustn’t 示意“阻止禁絕”;cannot 示意“不能能”;need not 示意“不需要”;may not 示意“可能不”。剖析語境可知本題應(yīng)選D。
—I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ______ I have a look﹖
—Yes, certainly. (北京)
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
剖析語境可知這是在征求對方的允許,may示意“允許可以”,語氣對照委婉? shall常用于第一三人稱作主語的疑問句中,示意征求對方意見和指示,若是此空用shall,則意為“要(我)看一下嗎?”,不相符上下文意思。故本題選B。
Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony﹖ (上海)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
must be 示意一定的預(yù)測,只能用于一定句中,由題意可知本題應(yīng)選A。
—Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖
—I’m not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead. (NMET
A. must B. would C. should D. might
由題意和下句中的 “I’m not sure” 可知這段對話中存在一種可能性推測,might可以用來示意一種對照委婉的可能性判斷,故本題選D。又如:
I should have been there, but I _____ not find the time. (上海)
A. would B. could C. might D. should
剖析題意可知第二個分句示意已往的某種能力;C 項只示意語氣上的可能性,與題意不符。故本題選B。
Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself. (NMET’
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
mustn’t 示意“不能以;阻止”,剖析題意可知第二個空示意某種可能性,故本題選B。
—Will you stay for lunch﹖
—Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET’
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
剖析題意可知由于“我弟弟要來看我”,以是“不能留下”,因此對別人的約請或要求應(yīng)給予禮貌的拒絕。A 項示意“阻止”;C項示意“不需要”;而D項示意“不會”,均不相符題意。故本題選B。又如:
—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖
—Yes, of course you _____.(MET’
A. might B. will C. can D. should (C)
—When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They _____ be ready by 00. (NMET’
A. can B. should C. might D. need
該題考察情態(tài)動詞should的基本寄義,剖析句意可知本題應(yīng)選B。又如:
The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things _____ happen to him.(上?!?/p>
A. might B. would C. should D. could?C
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.(NMET’
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
該題考察了could和be able to的區(qū)別,二者都可示意已往時間的能力,但若是示意已往樂成地做了某事只能使用was / were able to do,故本題選D。
—Shall I tell John about it ﹖
—No, you _____. I’ve told him already. (NMET’
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
情態(tài)動詞shall在試題中示意征詢對方意見或請求指示。答句示意 “沒有需要了”,故本題選A。
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