常州高考英語補習(xí)_完成時態(tài)高考知識點與late的辨析
He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.他說將在周末前還我錢。
過去將來完成時(past future perfect tense)表示在過去將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。它的形式由should(第一人稱)或Would(第二三人稱)加have再加過去分詞構(gòu)成。美國英語一律用Would。 小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。
現(xiàn)在完成時(Present perfect tense)示意動作發(fā)生在已往,但與現(xiàn)在情形有關(guān)系,即用一個發(fā)生在已往的動作來說明現(xiàn)在的情形。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能輔助到您。
完成時態(tài)高考知識點
現(xiàn)在完成時的基本看法和形式
現(xiàn)在完成時(Present perfect tense)示意動作發(fā)生在已往,但與現(xiàn)在情形有關(guān)系,即用一個發(fā)生在已往的動作來說明現(xiàn)在的情形。
現(xiàn)在完成時由動詞have (has) + 已往分詞組成。
現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法
示意動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛完成,漢語常用"了"或"過"來示意。如:
I have finished my work.我把事情做完了。
We have set up many new factories in this area.我們在這個區(qū)域確立了許多新工廠。
She has read all these books.她把這些書都讀完了。
動作在已往完成,示意"履歷"或"效果"。漢語常用"過"來示意。如:
Have you ever seen the play The Doll's House? 你看過話劇《傀儡家庭》嗎?
Yes,I have seen it twice.我看過兩遍了。
I have learnt to drive.我學(xué)過開車。
The man has lived in China.那人在中國住過。
[注] 注重be在下面句子中的意義。如:
Where have you been? -I've been to the laboratory.你上哪兒去了?--到實驗室去了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? ―No,I've never been there.你到過杭州嗎?--沒到過。
How have you been?-I've been well thank you.你最近身體好嗎?--謝謝你,我最近很好。
現(xiàn)在完成時與已往一樣平常時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時和已往一樣平常時都示意在已往完成的動作,但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,如對現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的效果影響等,而已往一樣平常時則示意動作發(fā)生在已往,一樣平常不示意和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試對照:
I have lost my pen.我把鋼筆丟了。(意即還沒找到,現(xiàn)在我沒有筆用。)
She lost her pen yes today.她昨天把筆丟了。(筆是昨天丟的,現(xiàn)在找到與否,沒有說明。)
I have been to the Agricultural Exhibition.我看過這個農(nóng)業(yè)展覽會。(強調(diào)我知道它的內(nèi)容)
I went to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.我上周旅行了這個農(nóng)業(yè)展覽會。(只說明我上周旅行過展覽會這件事)
Who has opened the door? 誰把門開了?(現(xiàn)在門還開著)
Who opened the door? 誰開的門?(指已往,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)?,F(xiàn)在門是關(guān)著照樣開著,沒有說明。)
A:Have you had your lunch? 你吃過年飯沒有?(意即你現(xiàn)在不餓嗎?)
B:Yes,I have.吃了。(意即我現(xiàn)在飽了,不要再吃了。)
A:When did you have it 你什么時刻吃的?(語言人感興趣的是"吃"這一動作發(fā)生在什么時刻。)
B:I had it about half an hour ago.我是約莫半小時前吃的。
現(xiàn)在完成時的其他用法
還可示意動作發(fā)生在已往,而且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。這時常和since所指導(dǎo)的短語或從句或for指導(dǎo)的短語連用(for有時可以省去)。
How long have you been in Beijing ? -I have been in Beijing for four years.你在北京呆了多久?--我在北京呆了四年。
Isaac's father has been a school teacher since 艾薩克的父親從一九六八年以來就當(dāng)西席。
We haven't had a vacation for a long time.我們良久沒放假了。
Three years have passed since we left school.我們結(jié)業(yè)已經(jīng)三年了。
[注]但在下面的句子中,主句的謂語動詞可以用現(xiàn)在一樣平常時。如:
It is three years since I began to work on the state farm.我在國營農(nóng)場事情已經(jīng)三年了。(美國英語用has been,下例同此)
It's a long time since I saw you last.良久沒見了。
在條件時間狀語從句中示意未來完成的動作。
I'll go with you when I have finished my home work,我做完作業(yè)后就和你一塊去。
We'll wait here until you have Written the letter.我們將在這里等你寫完信。
Perhaps I'll know more English after I have learnt it for two years.我學(xué)完兩午后,懂的英語或許就會多些了。
現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語問題
現(xiàn)在完成時說明的是現(xiàn)在的情形,是現(xiàn)在時態(tài),因此不能和示意已往時間的狀語如yesterday,sr month,three years ago,in l連用。這些時間狀語只能和已往時態(tài)連用,示意已往的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時可和示意已往時間的副詞just和before連用。如:
He has just come.他剛到。
We have seen the movie before,我們以前看過這個影戲。
現(xiàn)在完成時常和示意不確定的時間的副詞already,never,ever,always,yet,not...yet,often等連用。如:
Have you ever been in a plane? 你坐過飛機嗎?
The new books have not arrived yet.新書還沒有到。
The Xisha lslands have always been Chinese territory.西沙群島一直是中國的領(lǐng)土。
Have you heard from him yet? 你接到他的信了嗎?
They have already finished their experiment.他們已經(jīng)做完試驗了。
Many westerners have never seen a giant panda.許多西方人從沒見過大熊貓。
We have often been to the Summer Palace.我們常到頤和園去玩。
現(xiàn)在完成時可以和包羅"現(xiàn)在"在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now,today,this month,this year等。如:
We have planted many fruit trees this year.我們今年種了許多果樹。
Have you seen Benny today? 你今天見到本尼了嗎?
We've had a lot of rain this summer.今年炎天雨下得許多。
但如語言人所感興趣的只是在這段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生了某一動作,而不是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系時,須用已往時態(tài)。如:
The conference opened this month.集會是本月開幕的。
Their farm set up a pumping station this year.他們農(nóng)場今年新修了一個抽水站。
現(xiàn)在完成時可和疑問副詞where,why,how連用,但通常反面疑問副詞when連用
(when一樣平常只與已往時態(tài)連用)。如:
Where have you been? 你去哪兒了?(詢問經(jīng)由情形。如說Where did you go?則只問地址)
Why have you turned off the radio? 你干嗎把收音機關(guān)了?(強協(xié)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,意即收音機關(guān)著。如說Why did you turn off the radio?則強調(diào)關(guān)收音機這一已往的動作。)
已往完成時已往完成時的基本看法和形式
已往完成時(past perfect tense)示意在已往某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。簡言之,已往完成時所示意的時間就是"已往的已往"。已往完成時由助動詞had + 已往分詞組成。
已往完成時的用法
已往完成時示意在已往某一時間或動作以前業(yè)已完成的動作。這個已往的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來示意。如:
By the end of last week we had learned ten lessons.到上周末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了十課書。
He had learned some English before he came to the institute.他來學(xué)院之前學(xué)過一些英語。
I didn't go to the film because I had seen it twice.我沒去看影戲,由于這片子我已看過兩次了。
When I had gone over my lessons I took a rest.我溫習(xí)完作業(yè)之后,休息了一會兒。
I gave my little sister the flowers that I had bought for her.我把給妹妹買的花送給她。
In the exhibition he saw many oil paintings that he had never seen before.他在展覽廳里見到許多已往從未見過的油畫。
已往完成時可以示意由已往某一時間最先,一直延續(xù)到已往另一時間的動作,常和for(有時可以省去)或since組成的短語或since指導(dǎo)的從句連用。如:
It rained yesterday after it had been dry for many months.在天旱了好幾個月之后,昨天下雨了。
By the I read his new book, I had known him for a long time.到我讀他的新書時,我早就知道他了。
He said that great Changes had taken place in his hometown since, 他說以來他的家鄉(xiāng)大變樣了。
[注]當(dāng)一個由when,before,after,as soon as等連詞指導(dǎo)的從句所示意的動作和主句的動作緊接時,兩個動作均可用"一樣平常已往時"來示意。如:
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操后,我們吃早飯。
When I finished supper,I took a walk.我晚飯后就去散步。
Mother is written by Gorky. 《母親》是高爾基寫的。 (幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài))
過去將來完成時(past future perfect tense)表示在過去將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。它的形式由should(第一人稱)或Would(第二三人稱)加have再加過去分詞構(gòu)成。美國英語一律用Would。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。
,高二輔導(dǎo):高中輔導(dǎo)班中,哪個最好? 輔導(dǎo)班輔導(dǎo)的課程科目種類很多,包括:小學(xué)初中高中的語文數(shù)學(xué)英語物理化學(xué)生物歷史地理政治美術(shù)體育音樂等,還有一些語言類的輔導(dǎo),以及社會上需要培訓(xùn)輔導(dǎo)的科目。輔導(dǎo),The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他到月臺時火車剛開走。
They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields.他們一到地里就最先耕地。
未來完成時的基本看法和形式
未來完成時(future perfect tense)示意在未來某一時間之前所完成的動作。它的形式由shall(第一人稱)或will(第二三人稱)加have再加已往分詞所組成。美國英語一律用will。
未來完成時的用法
未來完成時示意在未來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。如:
By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book.到本周末,我將讀完這本書。
By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machine.明天這時刻,他們將修睦這臺機械。
The children will have gone to sleep by the time We get home.到我們回家時,孩子們將已睡了。
When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I shall have written my paper.你今晚八點鐘來時,我將會寫完文章了。
By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我們的先生將已教二十年英語了。
late的辨析
( late
A. 形容詞
①遲的,晚的
I was late for school. 我上學(xué)遲到了。
I was ten minutes late. 我遲到了十分鐘。
②晚期的, 末期的
in the late afternoon 在下晝較晚的時刻,黃昏
in the late sixties 六十年月后期
in the late s/ 在二十世紀九十年月末期
He began the work in late May. 他在五月尾最先這項事情。
It is never too late to mend. [諺語] 悔改不嫌晚。
?、垡压实?前任的
the late government 上屆政府
a late president 一位已故的總統(tǒng)
She was an admirer of the late president. 她欽佩前總統(tǒng)。
④新的
some late news 一些新新聞
B. 副詞
?、龠t地,晚地
Better late than never. [諺語] 遲做總比不做好。
I got up late. 我起晚了。
late in autumn 在深秋
②新近,最近
I saw him as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我還瞥見過他。
( later
A. 副詞
?、儇屎?。可單獨使用,用于已往時或未來時。
Later the boy found his mother. 厥后誰人男孩找到了他的媽媽。
See you later. 再見!轉(zhuǎn)頭見!
?、?...之后??煞旁跁r間段后,只用于已往時。
He arrived in London on Monday, two days later he left for New York.他星期一到了倫敦,兩天后他出發(fā)去紐約。
?、蹫閘ate的對照級,意為“較晚地”。
The big stores are open later on Thursdays. 每逢星期四大商鋪開門較晚。
B. 形容詞,為late的對照級,意為“較晚的”。
the later comers 來的較晚的人
(latest
A. 形容詞
?、僮钚碌?/p>
the latest news 最新的新聞
?、跒閘ate的最高級,譯為“最晚的,最遲的”。
the latest comer 來得最遲的人
B. 副詞,為late的最高級,譯為“最晚地,最遲地”。
come the earliest and leave the latest 來得最早,走得最晚
C. 名詞,譯為“最新新聞時裝”。
Have you heard the latest about the war? 你聽到有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭的最新新聞了嗎?
短語:at the latest 最遲
I should be back by o’clock at the latest. 我最遲回來。
(lately:副詞,與recently同義,通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時,譯為“最近最近”。
What have you been doing lately? 你最近在做什么?
He came as lately as last week. 他最近在上周來過。
(latter:adj.后面的,后者的(the former, the latter前者,后者)
The latter point is the most important.
后面提及的那一點是最主要的。
I prefer the former design to the latter.
比起后者的設(shè)計方案, 我更喜歡前者的。
【演習(xí)】用latter, late, later, latest或lately填空。
Better _____ than never.
Let's consider the question _______.
Of the two the _____ is better than the former.
Have you seen Peter _______?
Here is the _______ issue of China Daily.
The _______ part of the text is the most important.
【剖析】
Better late than never. [諺語] 遲做總比不做好。謎底為late 遲地。
此句譯為:讓我們稍后思量這個問題。謎底為later較遲地。
此句譯為:這兩個問題中,后者比前者更好。the former, the latter前者,后者為牢靠搭配,謎底為latter。
此句譯為:你最近見過彼得嗎? 謎底為lately,最近。
此句譯為:這是《中國日報》最新的期刊。謎底為latest,最新的。 此句譯為:這個文本最后面的部門是最主要的。謎底為late的最高級latest。
完成時態(tài)高考知識點與late的辨析相關(guān)文章:
高考英語溫習(xí)知識點:情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣及英語作文末尾萬能公式
高中英語語法總結(jié)
高中英語語法大全
九年級英語全冊知識點大匯總
成都高中文化課指點機構(gòu)電話:,找到自己的不足 孩子的學(xué)習(xí)成績一直不是很好,其實原因有很多,有的就是他們采用的方式不正確,還有就是知識面不廣,如果補課的話,老師們按照學(xué)生的情況來進行分析,讓孩子知道自己哪里不會,老師能給他解決,這樣有助于孩子找到自己的不足,并改善。